The Four Stages of Culture Shock
文化衝擊的四個階段
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You are probably familiar with culture shock in the general sense, which means a feeling of shock of surprise when you encounter different or unusual things or situations in a foreign land. But experts claim that culture shock actually comes in four stages, and these stages can take days, weeks, months, or even years to get through.
也許你大致上了解文化衝擊，也就是當你在異地時面臨不同的或不常見的事物或情況。但專家指出，文化衝擊其實有四個階段，而且可能需要好幾天、好幾周、好幾個月、甚至好幾年才能渡過這些階段。

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1. The Honeymoon Stage
This phase is characterized by positive feelings of excitement and fascination with one’s new surroundings. Everything, including the people, food, culture, and environment may seem interesting and exotic. During this phase you will probably feel very pleased with your decision to visit or live in that place.
1. 蜜月期
這個階段包含對新環境產生的正面性的興奮感與著迷。每件事物，包括人、食物、文化及環境看似有趣又有異國情懷。在這個階段，你可能會對你到此處旅行或移居他處這個決定感到開心。

2. The Frustration Stage
After a while, the excitement of the honeymoon phase begins to wear off. Things that are different to you begin to seem strange or annoying. You may long for your own culture and the way people in your country do things. Feelings of homesickness and even depression may occur.

2. 沮喪期
一陣子後，蜜月期的興奮感漸漸消逝。對你來說不同的事物開始很陌生或煩人。你可能渴望你自己的文化，還有你的國家的人們做事的方法。覺得有點思鄉，甚至可能出現沮喪感。

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3. The Adjustment Stage
Eventually you will get more used to your adopted land as the local customs and environment become more familiar. Usually people get to this phase after they make some friends, get used to the food, and can find their way around without getting lost. Learning some of the local language can also help.
3. 適應期
你最後會更習慣你移居的國家與當地民俗，也會對所處環境更加熟悉。通常交到朋友、適應當地食物、能找到方向不會迷路之後，人們就會達到這個階段。

4. The Acceptance Stage
Finally, you’ve become an expert. To accept the culture doesn’t necessarily mean that you have become exactly like a native. But it means you have overcome most of the major obstacles are totally comfortable in your new environment.
4. 接受期
最後，你已經變成專家了。接受這個文化不一定代表你會完全像當地人一樣。但那表示你已經克服大部分的主要障礙點，在你的新環境中感到很舒適。

Vocabulary 好字精選

1. encounter (v) find, run into  遇到，遭遇
Did you encounter any problems while working on the project?  
你在執行企劃時有遇到任何問題嗎？

2. surroundings (n) environment, the area around you  (周遭)環境
One form of meditation is to sit and focus on one’s surroundings. 
冥想其中一種形式就是坐著，專注心智在周圍萬物。

3. exotic (adj) unusual, usually in a positive way, usually describing food or customs  有異國情調的，奇特的，外來的
The two backpackers took photos of the exotic fruits in the market.   
兩名背包客在市場拍下奇特的水果照片。

4. homesickness (n) the missing of one’s homeland  思鄉
For the last two months of her trip, Jessie was overcome with homesickness.    

Jessie在旅程的最後兩個月湧上思鄉之情。

5. adopted (adj) adopted country = one that you choose to live in away from your own 遠鄉，移居他國
Kyle spent the rest of his life in his adopted country, Taiwan.  
Kyle這輩子剩下的時間都住在遠鄉台灣。

6. necessarily (adv) as a necessary result  必要地，必需地；必定，必然地
The weather in the dessert isn’t necessarily always hot. 
沙漠的天氣不一定一直都很熱。

7. native (n) an original inhabitant of a place 本國人，原住民，原有的動植物
Sheila is a native of Iceland.  
Sheila是土生土長的冰島人。

Phrases and Sentence Patterns 句型解析

1. characterized by (phrasal verb) to have the quality of  有…的特質
Thai food is characterized by spiciness and sourness. 
泰國食物的特性又酸又辣。

2. wear off (phrasal verb) to fade  逐漸消逝
After the sadness of getting dumped by her boyfriend finally wore off, Nancy realized that it was nice to be single again.     
被男友拋棄的痛楚終於漸漸地消逝，Nancy再一次領悟到單身真好。

3. long for (phrasal verb) to crave/want/desire  渴望
Jessie longs for a man who will treat her well. 
Jessie渴望有個對她好的男人。

Exercise 課後練習題

1. Surprisingly, Maria didn’t _______________ any major problems during her three-month trip across Africa.
令人驚訝地，Maria在三個月橫跨非洲的旅途中沒有遭遇任何重大問題。

2. The relaxed ____________ of the zen Buddhist temple made Jenny feel at peace.
禪宗的寺廟裡令人放鬆的環境讓Jenny覺得很和平。

3. Kevin wrote a postcard to tell his friend about some of the unusual and _______________ customs in India.
Kevin寫了一封明信片告訴他的朋友，有關一些少見且奇特的印度傳統。

4. ______________ is a normal part of living abroad, especially during the holidays, when people tend to want to see their family the most.
思鄉是住在國外常見的情況，特別在假日時，人們最想要見家人。

5. Stella loves everything about France, her ______________ country.
Stella喜歡法國所有東西，她移居的國家。

6. White Beach on Boracay isn’t ______________ the most relaxing place for tourists because there are many people trying to sell things there.
長灘島的白灘不一定是旅客覺得最放鬆的地方，因為那裡有許多人試圖要賣東西給你。

7. Ken, a _______________ of San Francisco, USA, will be your new English teacher.
你們的新老師Ken，土生土長於美國舊金山。

8. Hostels are usually _____________ low prices and facilities that are shared among guests.
低價的旅社通常都要共同使用設施。

9. After the pain from the cut _______________, the child stopped crying.
傷口上的疼痛逐漸消失後，孩子也停止哭泣了。

10. Linda _______________ a large glass of iced lemonade.
Linda渴望喝一杯大杯的冰檸檬水。

解答：
1.encounter
2.surroundings
3.exotic
4.Homesickness
5.adopted
6.necessarily
7.native
8.characterized by
9.wore off
10.longs/longed for

Comprehension Questions 閱讀理解

1. Robert has been living abroad in China for two years. He still hasn’t learned much Mandarin, and he can’t stand the traffic there. Which phase of culture shock is he probably in?    
a. The honeymoon stage.   
b. The frustration stage.     
c. The adjustment stage.  
d. The acceptance stage.  

2. Which of the following is not a natural step that is a part of overcoming culture shock?  
a. Learning to find one’s way around.
b. Getting to know more people.
c. Getting used to the food.      
d. Becoming just like a local person.     

解答：
1. Robert已經在中國住了兩年。他的中文學得不多，而且他也受不了那裡的交通。他可能在文化衝擊的哪一階段？
a. 蜜月期
b. 沮喪期
c. 適應期
d. 接受期

2.  以下選項何者不是克服文化衝擊的自然步驟？
a. 學著找到附近的路
b. 認識更多人
c. 習慣飲食
d. 變得就像當地人

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